Soap or cleaning compound



State of msirA' s A ENT OFFICE-Q EDWIN n. CHAPLIN, or NEW YORK, m1 I soar on CLEANING coMrouirn.-

- Specification of Letters Patent.

Y'Patehtw D an, i920.

No lbr awing, Application filed June 7, 1915, Serial No. 32,528. Renewed Feliruary 20, "192 o. Serial n M -MU. c v

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Beit'known that I, EDWIN D. CHAP IN, a citizen of the United States, residingin New York in the county of New York and Ilew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Soap or Cleaning Compounds, of which the following'is a specification.

A principal object of my' present invention is'to furnish an improved cleaning compound orsoap having when being used, a

- the granular scru combined scrubbing and adhesive initial action of a non-abraslve character, and adapted to have incorporated therein an excess- (com inonlylso called) of alkali whereby such ini; tial adhesive action may be gradually overcome durin the usin of the soap.

tained in thefinished soap, before using) shall have a granular, or granule form and consist of composite scrubbing bodies cornprising fiber and a resin, and in which the 25' resin is of a kind combinable with an' alkali "in' the breaking up of bing bodies during the using of the soap. Further objects and feafor thereby aidin tures of utility are'explained or set forth in l comblnable therewith or is less readily comand by the following description.

As regards certain of its qualities and characteristics, my improved cleaning compound or soap may be described as being composed of a saponic-compound, (which may contain an excess of an'alkali-compo- 'nent as potash), having mixed and incorporated therein and therewith, granular masses in the nature of body-grains and which consist of a fiber-component and a fiber-holding resin-component preliminarily united and 1 combined together and afterward incorporated into and combined with said saponiccompound, so that this compound has therein and as'a part thereof, a component orjelement that is miscible or combinable, or'both,

. with the said resin-component when the soap is subjected to rubbing in water. When the said excess of alkali consists of potash, the soap is especially adapted for washing by the use of salt water,'such as sea-water; and to provide a sea effective for this use, is

and in A'fur- .the'r object is to furnish a soap of the class described, composed of twdprinci'pal ingredi l cuts of which one ingredient (while con reactions which overcome the adverse eife'ct the seawater tojefi'ect chemical aetionand of the'salts in the water, this being done in part by a breaking up 'ofcertain of the conveniencebf 'description,"I have herein designated as the 'saponic-compoun'd which formsoneof' the twojpr'incip'al ingredients,

or components of the soap; In the saponiccompound I incorporate'a secondingredient consisting ofa resin of 'akindwhich is normally combinable'with the kind of alkali that constitutes the said excess of alkali.

And for deferring for a time or until the soap shall be used,"such a combining'of "the excess alkali and said resin, I protect the' resln by supplyingthi's ingredient in granular, or granule, form, and further by supplying the granular resin in a fmechani cal 0r physical'combination (or admixture) w th somesubstance thatis somewhat soluble in or w1th the alkali, but is either 'nor bina'ble therewith than is the resin. .For these purposes, I have found cellulose in the form of short fibers to-be a desirable and effective substance, especially when massed together in relatively compact or dense bunches and held together in and by the granule resin. Thus the cellulose may be in a mixture with a suitable resin and then reduce this compound material to a granule form by mechanical operations. For such fiber-element I may use the fiberof cotton Q or other plants,-"preferably in a separated or substantially separated form or condition-and the short lint may be used, which is obtained from cotton-seed subsetice, it is deemed preferable to have the fibers reduced to an extremely short length which, however, may vary within -a con siderable range. For thus preparing the cotton;- lint or any longer ,fibers of -suitable character, the fiber -material may be run I I v I V f, n pert'o'rm' this function in COIllbiIlfitiOlTWlth an adhesive action supplied by a modified through a cutting machine in a well-known manner for effecting the proper reduction thereof. whenever this is required. For the afi1;es'1n m e be selected 11 1 ith the grade of the soap,. M .lreg'ard also to tlie ,co1or.and consist-. veniiyw an'd for ordinal" grades, the unual -esinsot the pine tree is regarded v I element for thereby (,l'isconnecting-andj sepal element ha i as Jllitllll material.

\Yhen ,the body-grain indicated, theihiXture may be. spread or rolled out and then after 'becou'iingrela tiifely firm or hardened, may be reduced to granular, or, granule forni suitable for incorporation with the niriture of sa'poni'c-elef ments which thusbecome chemically associated' with the, said resin-component of the body-graim'and both mechahically'and physically associated with the fiber-component of said body-grain. then prepared as above described the bodygrainsj onQbe ng sub.-.-.

v v i jecteil to the action 'of ,thejresin dissolving alkalifin only a ,'suflicient quantit'yto par tially dissolve the resin,.become'scrubbing bodies haying freed-end fibersgfand, thus are r peculiarly: adapted for cleaning the ,hands r and lnext by a chemical] association, also an elementfof'tlie,saponic mixture or com} 5 without-being in any ,propersense an, adulterant ,lvjoperates as a ch efingredient, and y,

functional components ofand a resultnt er vlawnsm Qb MXQ S-fif coinbinable alka 50. r t i t 2 i While I amiunfble to'tully describe with certainty allot the relationsacoactions or reactions. of the several soap forming materials as occurringflfirst during the soapmaking processfaiid later. during the using of the soap with theaddition' of water, it is believed that an, intimate association or union which is mainly chemical in character, takes place between the saponaceousefmixture (or;s'ome elements thereof) and the resin component of the body-grains; and, that volves a relatively large portion o'f the resinelemeiit of such grains, while leaving a sufun'ctionl or union as between a poreeiic'i V t "said grain are"n'ormally retained together, so that in using the soap thefibers may act made by mixing the fibe fi-element stockwlth a resin asabore,

v of the soap.

i already existing in a oombinationfwith a suitable resin-element.

.pd in so at h e' e p i r o y-am ne a andjdO. not act such away, or are not,

a a fiber-empower ja'njq rsin coiriponent of the body-grain portion or ingredient of jecti'onabl'e for the resin-component tocon-f' either with for without other non-injurious I v i substances, nclud ng salts or mineral subsuch chem cal union extends to or m course, as regards degree of purity and" the using of the soap. Thus the fibers of a.

teni'porarily r after the manner got z minute and non-abrasive scrubb ng devices and may rating the fiber-bunchesof the-grains, and j for completely incrnpor'zttl'ng' and comb n lug such resin with and inlthe saponic-inass In theanilfacture of soiiiegradesof improved soap, the describedifibro-resinohs" component or portionf'niaylbe provided" in a 1 preliminarily-combined rot-m," without jr'esorting to anarti ficialv manufacture there of, since the required fiber and resin is, sometimes found i'na combined form infcer tain' kinds of Wood," especially in some spe-j" cies or' Varitiesot pine trees; Hence by s lecting 'a' wood haying a sl'iflicient resin- J (-on' ponent, and m nutely dividing the wood into: short-fiber[body-gra n form, the desired fiher bunches'are obtained in granule V tiou' for being actedl upon by thelms terials bodies haying a resin-component in condi of, the sa-ponic-compound, ,For other grades 7 a 0 d e' it ie S ap, w er efi e emment will be req'uired wh ch is not "found ln"providing the body-grains, theresinelement thereof need not, inpractice, been- ,t-i

I free jotfother substances especially l es'e are relat ively'neutralnn character,

present infsuchquantity as to materially vitiate the; quality ,or nod'e, of action as lee- 1, tween theisaponiqcorr poundn and the co the soap." In 'view, theretore,lofthe use off: oils or fats in the making of the' sapon ccompound, ltvlS not regarded as being obtain or be 'accompanied by, or associated 5 with, a small proportioniof an oil, 01: agum stances, ifin small ornon-active, forms or, quantities. The materials to beemployed in any given case, should be select-ed, of

ited or deterred,as

, otherwise,

in accordance with the quality or grade of soap to be made, and the purposcfor which the soap is these are matters which. in practice, may be readily ascertained by trial, in accordancewith methods well-known in this art. In practice, the relative quantities of'the twofprincipal ingredients of the soap may be varied, and I prefer to use, especially for medium grades of the soap, volumes of the sapomp-compound and of the body-grain ingredient, but a ratio of to be used, but

about equal about one to two may be used in some cases.

In the soap when Completely compounded, the free-alkali ponic-ingredient will tend, of course, to comb'ne'to some extent (but in' a progressively self-limiting manner) withtheresinelement of the body-grain ingredient, so

that said two soap-ingredientseach has therein a component-material which coacts directly and initially with a componentmaterial of the other said soap-ingredient, and this at a time prior to the using of the soap. 'But, as explained, that initial coaction, or tendency to combine, may be limby the proportions and relations of the m aterials,so that in the soap as used, there may exist a considerable portion of uncombined resin in the fiberbuncli granules. On using the soap when in that condition and tion of the resin-component becomes subject, as I apprehend, to a compound action resin (for aiding entrainment of dirt particles), the residuum of free-alkali, and the non-abrasive scrubbing action of fiberbunches while these are in process of disintegration by the coaction of the alkali and resin aided by mechanical attrition.

My improved cleaning compound may be described as consisting of grains which are mixed in a viscous and saponaceous grainreducing element, said grains comprising undissolved fiber or cellulose in fiber-form and combined with an undissolved resin component, the said grain-reducing element comprising saponaceous material having therewith alkali. of a kind and in a quantity for effecting or aiding in a disintegration with water'or other dis- I solvent therefor, thethen uncombined per element of the said saof said grains on the using of the cleaning compound under. the action of water and.

rubbing.

My improved soap may be varied in con-.

.sistency to suit the requirements of the tion of the soap, soda alkali may be used in part'or wholly, (or in some cases, .ammonia) while the excess alkali consists of potash.

The following is oneof many possible ex-v amples of how my new cleaning compound may be prepared:

20 parts by weight of very. short cotton fibers are thoroughly mixed with 100 parts of powdered unbleached pine resin. The resulting mixture is heated until the resinris freely liquid, and the mixture is then thoroughly stirred. It is then allowed to harden and is ground to'fine granules'to' be used as will be shortly explained. a

160 parts by weight of finely chipped soaps are heated with 30 parts of water until the mixture is fully dissolved. Four parts of potash are then added, and then are added 40 to 50' parts of the above mentioned grans ules, which are thoroughly mixed, after which the compound may be allowed to cool in molds.

In practice, the proportionate quantities ofthe granular and saponaceous components of the finished cleaning compound, may be varied according to the special requirements, but for washing hands,-as in factories where the workmen get on their hands much oil and grime, I' prefer to use at least 20 to 30 per cent. by weight of the granules; in some special cases this ratio may be advantageously increased to one-half, or even more, of the whole quantity.

Having thus described my invention, I claim:

1. A cleaning compound composed of a saponic-compound in combination with granular masses mixed therein and consisting of an undissolved fiber-component and an undissolved fiber-holding resin-component preliminarily united together and having the fibers in a free-end condition, said sa ponic-compound having therein a component 25 resin which is combinable with said alkali.

in combination with a body-grain ingredient composed of undislntegrated free-end-nber and an undissolved resin normally combinable with the alkali, but only partially so combined in the cleaning compound when this is ready for use, whereby a further combining of the alkali and resin may take place on the using of the soap with a dissolvent therefor.

3. The improved cleaning compound here-; in described, consisting of two principal in gredients of which one is a saponic-compound comprising anexcess alkali-component; and, of which the other said principal ingredient is. a granular, form of fibroresinous material constituting non-abrasive scrubbing-bodies having free-end fibers, and h'avingtherein an undissolved resin that is,

normally 'combinable with said excess alkali of said saponic-compound.

4.. A cleaningcompound composed of a saponic-compound having an excess alkali,

in combination with a composite ingredient comprising .scrubbing bodies consisting of free-end cotton-fiberand an undissolved 5. A cleaning compound composed of a saponic-compound having an excess alkali,

' in combination with a composite ingredient comprising scrubbingv bodies consisting of free-end cotton-fiber and .an undissolved resin of the pine-tree, and having the resin and excess alkali ina proportion .for deterring the combining action thereof 'in the soap when this is compounded, ready for use, substantially as set forth.

6. An ingredientt'or use in making soaps of the class herein described, consisting in a compound of separated and free-end fibers incorporated in a mixture with an undis solved resin and then reduced to a granuleform constituting a body-grain materialsubject to disintegration by. an excess alakali when combined in asaponic compound,'and subjected to the action of water and rubbing.

7 An ingredient for use in making soaps of the class herein described, consisting in a compound of short cotton fiber incorporated in a mixture with undissolved resin and then reduced to granules having freeend fibers, substantially as described. I

8. A cleaning compound iconsistii'ig of grains mixed in a saponaceous grain-reducing element, said grains comprising undissolved free-end fibers combined with and held together into smallermasses by an undissolved-resin component, and said'grainreducing element comprising saponaceous" material having therewlth alkali for aiding the action cleaning compound under the action of water i and rubbing. r I I EDWIN D. CHAPLIN.

Witnesses H. D. PENNEY, 1 H. I. SIEGEL. 

